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This paper aims to explore the transformative potential of Google Bard, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot, in reshaping contemporary library reference services and advancing information literacy.

In this perspective piece, a qualitative research approach is used to explore the capabilities of Google Bard within library contexts. Real-world case studies and insights are used to critically examine Bard’s evolving role as a virtual assistant, its impact on enhancing information literacy and the multifaceted challenges it introduces, including biases and privacy concerns.

The research reveals that Google Bard, leveraging natural language processing and machine learning, engages users in dynamic conversational interactions. It provides contextually relevant responses and personalized guidance, leading to an enriched library experience. The symbiotic relationship between AI-driven technology and traditional librarian expertise is highlighted, contributing to interactive knowledge exploration and collaborative learning.

This study contributes to the literature by exploring the multifaceted impact of Google Bard on library services and information literacy. It uncovers novel insights into the integration of AI-powered chatbots in traditional library settings.

This study offers an in-depth examination of Google Bard, an advanced artificial intelligence chatbot created by Google, focusing specifically on its potential impact on academic research. This discussion aims to comprehensively explore the features of Google Bard, highlighting its capabilities in data management, facilitating collaborative discussions, and enhancing accessibility to complex research. In addition to the aforementioned positive characteristics, we will also delve into the limitations and ethical considerations associated with this innovative device. The functionality of the system is constrained by the limitations imposed by its pre-established algorithms and training data. In addition, there are significant concerns regarding data privacy, potential biases in its responses stemming from its training data, and the wider societal implications associated with a heavy reliance on machine-generated content. Ensuring responsible and ethical utilization of Bard necessitates Google's provision of transparent communication regarding its development process. In light of the prominent functionalities demonstrated by Google Bard, it is imperative for researchers to engage in a rigorous examination of the information it presents, thereby safeguarding against the inadvertent propagation of misinformation or biased viewpoints. This will lay the groundwork for its effective integration into the academic research methodology.

Following the recent rise in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, fundamental questions about their wider impacts have started to reverberate around various disciplines. This study aims to track the unfolding landscape of general issues surrounding GenAI tools and to elucidate the specific opportunities and limitations of these tools as part of the technology-assisted enhancement of mechanical engineering education and professional practices.

As part of the investigation, the authors conduct and present a brief scientometric analysis of recently published studies to unravel the emerging trend on the subject matter. Furthermore, experimentation was done with selected GenAI tools (Bard, ChatGPT, DALL.E and 3DGPT) for mechanical engineering-related tasks.

The study identified several pedagogical and professional opportunities and guidelines for deploying GenAI tools in mechanical engineering. Besides, the study highlights some pitfalls of GenAI tools for analytical reasoning tasks (e.g., subtle errors in computation involving unit conversions) and sketching/image generation tasks (e.g., poor demonstration of symmetry).

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents the first thorough assessment of the potential of GenAI from the lens of the mechanical engineering field. Combining scientometric analysis, experimentation and pedagogical insights, the study provides a unique focus on the implications of GenAI tools for material selection/discovery in product design, manufacturing troubleshooting, technical documentation and product positioning, among others.

This paper analyses how Shakespeare's plays are relevant to modern business.

The author uses a book called The Bard & Co: Shakespeare's Role in Modern Business for the analysis.

Shakespeare's language can help improve the language of business.

Shakespeare provides an opportunity to think in unexpected ways about familiar subjects.

This paper aims to track the evolution of an innovative Aboriginal tourism business model with deliberate social and community enterprise objectives in a remote setting.

It adopts an in-depth exploratory case study approach to discover key characteristics of an emerging tourism enterprise. The qualitative data sources include publically available planning, promotional and organizational materials, in-depth interviews with key informants and on-site observations. Yunus et al.’s (2010) social business model provides the framework for the case analysis.

Findings highlight the gradual deepening of Indigenous engagement – from simply providing a place for a non-Indigenous tourism business – to running a fully Indigenous-controlled, staffed and themed on-country tourism business. Complementing existing non-Indigenous tourism experiences reduced the need for start-up infrastructure and market recognition, thus reducing business risk for the Traditional Owners. Despite substantial changes in the business structure in response to political and maturation factors, the core motivations seemed to remain strong. The business model facilitates value creation to stakeholders in varying ways.

The contextual nature of Indigenous tourism reflects limitations of qualitative case study methodology.

The resulting business model provides a contextually appropriate structure to engage in tourism for achieving cultural and societal goals. It mitigates against the identified risk of low market demand for Indigenous tourism experiences by connecting with established non-Indigenous tourism products, while also allowing for product offering independent thereof.

Social benefits are high and have potential for replication in similar contexts elsewhere.

The paper contributes to the emerging research on culturally appropriate business models in Indigenous tourism contexts and validates a strategy to overcome low demand. It offers a model that for the tourist facilitates a sustainable experience which enables co-production while for the hosts fosters community resilience, intergenerational learning and improved livelihoods. The case highlights opportunities for further research into the interrelationship, dependencies and thresholds between the social and economic profit equations, particularly in the context of the culture conservation economy.

旅游服务文化：澳大利亚原住民旅游商业模式的演变

本文追踪了以社会及社区企业为主的偏远地区的创新原住民旅游商业模式的演变。具

本研究采用深入的探索性案例研究方法来发现新兴旅游企业的关键特征。定性数据包括可公开获得的计划, 促销和组织资料, 与主要信息提供者的深入访谈以及现场观察。 Yunus等人（2010）的社会商业模型提供了案例分析的框架。

调查结果凸显了土著人参与度的逐步深化–从简单地为非土著人旅游业务提供场所, 到经营完全由土著人控制, 配备人员以及进行主题化的国家旅游业务。丰富现有的非土著旅游体验, 可以减少对启动基础设施和市场认可的需求, 从而降低了传统业主的业务风险。尽管由于政治和成熟因素, 业务结构发生了重大变化, 但核心动机似乎仍然很强。研究得出的商业模型通过各种方式促进了利益相关者的价值创造。

土著旅游的性质反映了定性案例研究方法的局限性。

本研究中的商业模型为通过旅游业实现文化和社会目标提供了一种适当情景下的结构。通过与成熟的非土著旅游产品建立联系, 目的地缓解了针对土著旅游体验的低市场需求风险。同时本文之方案还为其独立旅游产品开发提供了可能。

此商业模式的社会效益很高, 并且有可能在其他类似情况的地方进行复制。

本文为土著旅游背景下文化相关的商业模式的新兴研究做出了贡献, 并提出并验证了克服低需求的策略。它为游客提供了一种可持续发展的体验模式, 使人们可以实现体验共创, 同时为居民提供的模式则可以提高社区的适应能力, 代际学习机会和改善生计的途径。该案例强调了进一步研究社会与经济利益之间的相互关系, 依存关系和阈值的机会, 尤其是在文化保护经济的背景下。

土著旅游, 价值创造, 共创, 文化保护经济, 社会企业, 金伯利地区

Turismo para servir a la cultura: la evolución de un modelo de negocio de Turismo Aborigen en Australia

Este documento analiza la evolución de un modelo de negocio del Turismo Aborigen innovador, con un objetivo social común y empresarial determinado en un entorno remoto.

Adopta un enfoque profundo y exploratorio de estudio de caso para descubrir las características claves de una empresa turística emergente. Las fuentes de datos cualitativos, incluyen materiales de planificación, promoción y organización de acceso público, así como entrevistas en profundidad con informantes claves y observaciones in situ. El modelo de negocio social de Yunus et al. (2010) proporciona el marco para el análisis de casos.

Los hallazgos destacan la profundización gradual de la implicación indígena, desde proporcionar simplemente un lugar para un negocio de turismo no indígena, hasta un total control de la gestión del negocio turístico con personal y temática indígena. Complementando las experiencias existentes de turismo no indígena, se redujo las necesidades iniciales de infraestructuras y reconocimiento del mercado, disminuyendo así el riesgo comercial para los Propietarios Tradicionales. A pesar de los cambios sustanciales en la estructura empresarial que los factores políticos y de maduración provocan, las motivaciones centrales parecían mantenerse fuertes. El modelo de negocios facilita la creación de valor a las partes interesadas de diversas formas.

La naturaleza contextual del turismo indígena refleja las limitaciones de la metodología de estudio de caso cualitativa.

El modelo de negocio resultante proporciona una estructura contextualmente apropiada para la implicación de las comunidades indígenas en el turismo y poder lograr objetivos culturales y sociales. Mitiga el riesgo identificado de la baja demanda del mercado de experiencias de turismo indígena, al relacionarse con productos turísticos no indígenas establecidos, al tiempo que permite la oferta de productos independientes de los mismos.

Los beneficios sociales son altos y tienen potencial de replicación en contextos similares en otros lugares.

El documento contribuye a la investigación emergente sobre modelos de negocio apropiados, desde el punto de vista cultural, en contextos de turismo indígena y valida una estrategia para superar la baja demanda. Ofrece un modelo que por un lado, facilita al turista una experiencia sostenible permitiendo la coproducción, mientras que para los anfitriones, fomenta la resiliencia comunitaria, el aprendizaje intergeneracional y mejora los medios de ganarse la vida. El caso resalta las oportunidades para una mayor investigación sobre la interrelación, las dependencias y los límites entre la ecuación de beneficios sociales y económicos, particularmente en el contexto de la economía de preservación cultural.

Turismo indígena, creación de valor, coproducción, economía de preservación cultural, empresa social, región de kimberley

Trabajo de investigación

The post-millennial or Generation Z constitutes people born in 1997 or after. This study theorizes how news consumption habits of the post-millennial generation are reshaping the news. As the newest generation of media users, Generation Z or the post-millennials, comprising people born in 1997 or after, will inherit the millennial legacy. Generation Z has embraced the visual, verbal, and viral aspects of digital and social media platforms. They rarely engage with traditional news sources, which they deem as nearly extinct.

Based on 2019 meta-analytical research review of 16 key studies (published between 2017 and 2019) of media consumption habits of post-millennials, this research study delineates news consumption habits of post-millennials. It theorizes how this new generation of media users are embracing the visual, verbal, and viral media to reshape news content. The propensity of the post-millennials to participate in the news cycle shapes their rapidly changing preferences and usage patterns.

Over the years, news consumption has varied among different age groups. Newspapers and television were popular with the Silent generation, comprising people born between 1928 and 1945. The Internet significantly transformed media use among baby boomers, the generation born between 1946 and 1964, and Generation X, which constitutes people born between 1965 and 1980. The rise of social media has significantly transformed media use of millennials or Generation Y, born between 1981 and 1996. They were the first generation to come of age in the new millennium.

Unlike Generation X and boomers, the post-millennials or Generation Z sparsely engage with traditional news sources they deem as nearly extinct, including print media such as newspapers and magazines. They rarely watch television news or listen to radio. They report different news values with less concern about accuracy and more attention toward entertainment and interaction.

This paper aims to give an overview of the history and evolution of commercial search engines. It traces the development of search engines from their early days to their current form as complex technology-powered systems that offer a wide range of features and services.

In recent years, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have led to the development of AI-powered chat services. This study explores official announcements and releases of three major search engines, Google, Bing and Baidu, of AI-powered chat services.

Three major players in the search engine market, Google, Microsoft and Baidu started to integrate AI chat into their search results. Google has released Bard, later upgraded to Gemini, a LaMDA-powered conversational AI service. Microsoft has launched Bing Chat, renamed later to Copilot, a GPT-powered by OpenAI search engine. The largest search engine in China, Baidu, released a similar service called Ernie. There are also new AI-based search engines, which are briefly described.

This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional – algorithmic powered search engines and modern search with generative AI support, and the possibilities of merging them into one service. This study stresses the types of inquiries provided to search engines, users’ habits of using search engines and the technological advantage of search engine infrastructure.

Many attempts have been made to justify punishment by invoking the moral autonomy and dignity of those who are subject to it. Yet the most refined of these attempts have been informed by an awareness of paradox. For the practice of punishment, so closely linked to concepts of individual freedom, tends to degrade those subjected to it. And as a form of state action predicated on claims of moral or social solidarity, it often prevents inquiry into the ways that individual culpability coexists within broader political forms of responsibility. This essay explores the ways in which college in prison programs like the Bard Prison Initiative may intervene in this paradox of punishment.

In this paper, the authors aim to present a novel methodological tool – necessary condition analysis (NCA) to aid managerial psychology researchers in properly testing necessity statements.

The authors employ NCA to analyze whether three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are necessary for work engagement.

The authors illustrate the value and application of NCA by revealing that basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are necessary for work engagement, as proposed by self-determination theory (SDT).

The authors illustrate the importance of the sufficiency-necessity distinction and the relevance of a necessity logic in managerial psychology. They also discuss NCA's methodological implications for managerial psychology research, theory and practice.

Argues that the gold standard is the only monetary regime consistent with the philosophy of free enterprise and assesses the contributions of Friedman, Mundell and Hayek to monetary theory as supporters of the free market but opponents of the gold standard. Critically reviews the basic ideas of each and notes that Greenspan, while apparently endorsing the gold standard, has not actually used his position as chairman of the US Federal Reserve System to move towards it. Lists some economists who support both free enterprise and the gold standard as a “vital aspect of political economy”.